Existence cannot account for itself. Whatever grounds it cannot be one more thing inside it, and cannot settle anything by rule or by chance. What is left is choice.
"Transcendence of Choice"
W ∩ E = ∅. The ground is not a part of what it grounds, and existence is what its choosing yields, moment by moment.
Physical law is stated in mathematics, and the mathematics works. Order of that kind either is a formal system or produces one. Gödel proved in 1931 that such a system cannot establish its own consistency from within. So the account of that consistency comes from outside existence.
Three separate starting points reach the same place:
Anything existing has properties. There is something that creates these properties. Something that has no properties, something that grounds existence. We call this Pure Potential.
A ground that creates must create without restrictions. There are three ways to create: by rule, by chance, or by choice. If it was creating by some rule, then the rule would be a property. If the creating was random or by chance, then it would not create existence as we know it. We see constants steady across billions of years. Therefore the third option must be true, that it is created by choice.
A computation runs a procedure, and adding a random source only changes the spread of its output. Neither is choice, at any scale or architecture.
If your choices bring states of affairs into being, you stand to them in a relation that no account of your causal history dissolves.
Every choice held in force is a commitment, and commitments constrain further choosing. A long-standing chooser should feel exactly as bound as we do.
Two papers carry the argument. Everything else here is a way into them.
Companion paper: Petri net theory shows that lawful does not mean determined. The laws cannot select the history.
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